Inspiring Science Education (ISE)

Inspiring Science Education

Inspiring Science Education (ISE) project was co-financed by the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP ICT PSP) information and communication technologies, and its main goal was to popularize science and natural sciences using existing e-learning resource.

The project ran from April 2013 to July 2016, with 30 partners from 15 European countries participating. The goal was to involve 5,000 schools, with 313 schools in Croatia. However, due to high interest in implementing ISE activities, 144 more schools in Croatia participated, totaling 457 schools. On an international level, a total of 5,091 schools participated.

Almost all project activities were related to ISE portal. The ISE portal is designed as a starting point for the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in teaching, especially in the so-called STEM field (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Thus, several categories are available on the aforementioned portal that allow teachers access to news in the project, recommended peer-reviewed e-tools, a tool for creating so-called ISE learning scenarios, and virtual communities for sharing experiences and knowledge. It is worth noting that the virtual ISE community created for teachers in Croatia has over 900 members (928).

The greatest interest among teachers was observed in the exchange of digital teaching materials that integrate e-tools and digital resources, so-called ISE learning scenarios, which are adapted for inquiry-based learning that is particularly applicable and suitable for the STEM field.

The activities undertaken included a large number of teachers, and below we present the number of trained individuals:

radio workshop – 796
webinars – 710
Live lecture translations - 3180
online courses – 1514
total - 6200

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), a virtual visit to CERN, and the transmission of popular science lectures were of particular interest, as were professional development courses that, due to their characteristics, could encompass a large number of users.

As previously mentioned, numerous peer-reviewed e-tools are accessible on the ISE portal, and CARNET has contributed to the list of e-tools with its recommendations.

CARNET also provided support for conducting four Eratosthenes experiments. This is an experiment used to measure the Earth's circumference in a very simple way. The experiment attracted great interest from teachers and students. The implementation of the experiment was accompanied by competitions in which as many as five teachers from Croatia were awarded participation in the ISE summer school in Greece. In addition to rewarding those who participated in the Eratosthenes experiment, CARNET offered teachers the opportunity for rewards through competitions aimed at recognizing teachers” valuable engagement and acknowledging and encouraging excellence in teaching. These competitions were „Make the Right MOVE!” (POpularize TEchnology Science), „ISE Oscar for screenplay, directing, and film,” and "I am an ISE Guru," within which seven teachers were awarded, one by attending the ISE summer school in Greece, and six with IT equipment that will be useful for their further work and the application of ICT in teaching.

The Croatian Academic and Research Network – CARNET thanks all the teachers who participated in the project, thus contributing to its quality and recognition at the European level.

More information about the project can be found at official project website.

List of schools in the project

Below is a list of schools (in alphabetical order) that have met the necessary prerequisites and voluntarily participated in the ISE project.

Primary schools

High schools

International schools and the academic community

The Secondary Economic-Hospitality School in Nikšić, Montenegro
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, University of Zagreb
Polytechnic in Požega

Training sessions held

CARNET, through the Inspiring Science Education (ISE) project, which began in April 2013, educated up to 6200 teachers and also by holding workshops throughout Croatia, webinars, live streams of popular science lectures, and MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). A list and brief reviews of the trainings held within the ISE project are provided below.

Watch recordings of selected events, lectures, and webinars organized as part of the ISE project at Medusa's Notebook.

Moovly – Create animated video

On April 18, 2014, Ms. Vesna Janko from the Second Elementary School Bjelovar held a workshop in Zagreb titled “Moovly – Creating Animated Videos.” Moovly is an online tool for creating videos, presentations, tutorials, infographics, clips, and similar content. Participants had the opportunity to learn how to sign up, edit video animations, and receive tips for creating animated videos. Additionally, participants learned how to incorporate this tool into their teaching to better achieve learning outcomes.

Collaborative learning and Edmodo

On May 6, 2014, in Osijek, a workshop titled “Collaborative Learning and Edmodo” was held under the leadership of Adrijana Leko, a teacher from Elementary School dr. Franjo Tuđman Šarengrad. Participants had the opportunity to learn about modern educational approaches such as the flipped classroom and collaborative learning. They were also introduced to Edmodo, a tool for collaborative learning, and shown its application in everyday teaching. Through the workshop, they gained practical experience with the basics of using the Edmodo tool, which allows them to join virtual communities of teachers, create their own communities, and collaborate with students and each other.

Webinar “Web 2.0 Programs and Tools in Teaching”

Webinar “Web 2.0 tools in teaching” program was held by teacher Vesna Tomić A. G. Matoš High School in Đakovo, May 8, 2014. She gave a brief overview of free programs and Web 2.0 tools that can be used in teaching. In addition to presenting the tools themselves, an example of their use in the classroom was shown for each one. In the overview of programs and Web 2.0 tools, she demonstrated the possibilities of the Yenka program for creating educational teaching materials in the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or programming, as well as tools for creating presentations, mind maps and diagrams, posters or animations, and online interactive whiteboards. Thus, participants in the overview of free tools were introduced to the Wolfram Alpha search engine, and tools like Mindomo, LinoIt, Padlet, Buncee, Wideo, etc.

You can watch the webinar recording at Medusa's Notebook.

Introduction to Gas Laws and Thermodynamic Theory: Conceptual Understanding of Fundamental Physical Relationships Through Dramatic Exercises

The workshop “Introduction to Gas Laws and Thermodynamic Theory: Conceptual Understanding of Basic Physical Relationships with the Help of Dramatic Exercises” was held on May 9, 2014, at three locations – Zagreb, Šećerana, and Šarengrad. Bojan Markićević led the workshop in Zagreb, and in order for the workshop to be successfully conducted at the remote locations, which were to be connected via videoconference with Zagreb, he needed the assistance of two demonstrators – at Šarengrad Elementary School and Šećerana Elementary School.

Workshop leader Bojan Markićević from the Science Educational Entertainment Center, with the help of demonstrators Ivan Novosel in Šarengrad and Tomislav Mašić in Šećerana, introduced more than 30 attendees in a very interesting and innovative way to theater techniques that can encourage more active learning among students. Although Brownian motion is covered at the university level, conceptual understanding can be achieved through drama techniques even in the lower grades of primary school. How to introduce students to the basics of gas laws in a simple, fun, cheap, and fast way and connect the concepts of pressure, temperature, and volume is something that the workshop participants were able to experience.

Google Drive and flipped classroom

The workshop titled “Google Drive and Flipped Classroom” was held on June 3, 2014, in Opatija. The host school was Elementary School Rikard Katalinić Jeretov from Opatija. The workshop gathered around thirty teachers and principals actively involved in the Inspiring Science Education and Open Discovery Space projects, as well as those encountering the ideas and activities of the projects for the first time.

The goal of the workshop was to inform and educate teachers and principals about the free tool Google Drive and its application in both educational and business segments of school management. Google Drive was presented as a tool that can contribute to the introduction of new teaching and learning methods into current practices through the application of models. Flipped classrooms.

At the beginning of the workshop, participants were presented with the results of the Inspiring Science Education project so far, through which project activities organize educational workshops on the application of innovative ICT tools and methods in education. Participants were invited to follow and participate in a series of activities that the CARNet ISE team is preparing for them on the project pages. One of the currently relevant activities, the “Make the Right MOVE” competition, was also presented. Teachers were informed about the criteria by which they can apply to participate in the competition, where the Learning Scenario is the key activity of the competition.

The host school's director, Fredi Glavan, presented to the attendees how his school is handling new technologies and their implementation in the school's daily work. He emphasized the necessity of systematic education for teachers and teaching staff regarding the possibilities technology offers in educational as well as business practices. He also highlighted the indispensable positive attitude of the collective towards the changes in existing practices brought about by the ever-increasing development and availability of technology.

German Language and Literature Professor Snježana Fištrović, a German language teacher at Generalski Stol Elementary School, held a workshop on Google Drive and the flipped classroom. Teachers had the opportunity to actively participate in all workshop activities and learn the teaching methodology that the tool itself enables in the context of applying the flipped classroom method. Participants had the opportunity to become acquainted with the application of the flipped classroom concept, which is based on the use of ICT, i.e., processing material at home and practicing during class with a mentor teacher. Various possibilities for applying this concept were presented using Google Drive applications and options.

After reviewing the AC Project activities so far, three good practice examples were presented to the workshop participants. Dragica Rade, an IT teacher at Rikard Katalinić Jeretov Elementary School, presented how IT classes can follow the Flipped Classroom method through blended learning using the Moodle system.

Italian language teacher Ivana Uremović-Gašić, also from Rikard Katalinić Jeretov Elementary School, presented how learning foreign language grammar can be made more interesting and effective through new technologies, all through the creation of a digital audiobook.

German teacher Snježana Fištrović from General J. Stol Elementary School presented how the Samsung School classroom management system can contribute to more effective learning and teaching.

Big Ideas in Science – Creating Learning Scenarios

The webinar titled “Big Ideas in Science - Developing Learning Scenarios” was held on June 5, 2014. The webinar was intended for primary school teachers and science teachers: mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, but also for all those involved in teaching who wanted to master innovative methods for applying Big Science Ideas and ICT in their teaching.

By becoming familiar with the concept of so-called Big Ideas in Science, as well as the Big Ideas themselves, participants analyzed examples of good practice from existing Learning Scenarios that were created based on the principle of connecting natural phenomena with informal explanations, all with the support of ICT tools. We note that for the teachers participating in the ISE project, the creation of learning scenarios is one of the most important activities.

You can watch the webinar recording at Medusa's Notebook.

Web 2.0 programs and tools in teaching

The workshop “Programs and Web 2.0 Tools in Teaching” was held on June 24, 2014, at CARNET's premises in Zagreb by Vesna Tomić, a computer science professor at A. G. Matoš High School in Đakovo. Workshop participants had the opportunity to learn about the popular search engine Wolfram Alpha, educational material creation programs WordWall and Yenka, and Web 2.0 tools Wordle, LinoIt, and Buncee. The workshop was accompanied by an open Loomen course that can be used as a reminder of everything covered in the workshop.

Digital tools for use in teaching

The workshop “Digital Tools for Use in Teaching” led by Tomislav Negulić from CARNET, due to a large number of applicants, was held in two sessions, on June 27, 2014, and July 4, 2014, at Stjepan Radić Brestovec Orehovički Elementary School. Using tools from CARNET's e-Laboratory, workshop participants had the opportunity to learn how to create different presentations with Prezi, comics with Pixton, and how to communicate using the online communication and collaboration tool LiveMinutes.

Web 2.0 programs and tools in teaching

Just before the start of the new school year (2014/2015), a workshop titled “Programs and Web 2.0 Tools in Teaching” was held, led by Vesna Tomić, this time in Šećerana, on August 27, 2014. Participants went through simple Web 2.0 tools such as tools for creating mind maps (Mindomo), posters (LinoIt and/or Padlet), presentations (Buncee), or animations (Wideo). The workshop was accompanied by an open Loomen course that can be used as a reminder of everything that was covered in the workshop.

Creating a website with the WordPress CMS

On September 12, 2014, a workshop titled “Creating a Website with WordPress CMS” was held in Zagreb, led by Tomislav Negulić from CARNET. Participants had the opportunity to learn how to publish content and multimedia on their own website after customizing it to their liking by choosing from various available themes and plugins.

E-teacher - modern teaching with the help of technology

The workshop titled E-teacher – Contemporary Teaching with the Help of Technology was held on October 20 and November 3, 2014, at CARNET's premises in Zagreb. It was intended for teachers who wish to modernize their teaching by using technology and existing free services and tools available on the Internet. Through two full-day workshops, participants, while learning theoretical knowledge about e-learning, simultaneously designed their own e-learning educational program. By acquiring content piece by piece, participants collaboratively built upon their program plan in smaller groups.

In addition, they learned to use the Google Drive system, the conceptual map creation tool Bubbl.us, and at the end of the workshop, they independently created a video using the Movie Maker tool.

Big Ideas in Science – Creating Learning Scenarios for Innovative ICT-Supported Teaching

Through an introduction to the concept of Big Ideas, workshop participants analyzed examples of good practice of existing Learning Scenarios that were created based on the principle of connecting natural phenomena with informal explanations, all with the support of ICT tools. Independently, and also in groups, through a series of planned activities, participants selected appropriate ICT tools that will help them build a Big Idea for a specific teaching unit described through the presented Learning Scenarios.

The workshop was intended for elementary school teachers and teachers of natural sciences; mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, but also for all those involved in teaching who wish to master innovative methods of applying Big Science Ideas and ICT in their teaching. The knowledge required to attend the workshop was: Basic level of ICT use, possession of a Google account, and basic level of Google Drive use. The workshop was held at the 16th CARNET User Conference.

Second Practice Reflection Workshop – Make the Right Move

As part of CARNET's User Conference – CUC 2014, the second Practice Reflection workshop was held on November 19, 2014, along with an award ceremony for the most successful participants of the “Make the Right MOVE” competition, which was organized as one of the key activities of the international project Inspiring Science Education.

All attendees will have the opportunity to see examples of innovative ways to use technology in teaching presented by the most successful participants of the competition. A teaching scenario lasting 45 or 90 minutes, based on the use of ICT, was also presented, covering topics in the fields of natural sciences, specifically physics, biology, chemistry, astronomy, geology, then the field of technology including informatics, and so-called STEM subjects, i.e., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Using social media in teaching

The workshop presented the concept of collaborative learning and flipped classroom, Edmodo as a safe social network in education, and other social networks through which students can be motivated to interact more in class. The ISE project for all school teachers was also presented.

The great interest of teachers, as well as the large number of teachers from that school involved in the ISE project, enabled the holding of an interactive and useful workshop. The teachers who participated in the workshop were equally divided between elementary school teachers and subject teachers. They expressed great interest in the materials presented to them, and the greatest enthusiasm was generated by the work in small groups with teacher supervision via Edmodo, and the possibility of creating and administering tests through their online tool.

Webinar: What the Universe Consists Of

The question “What is the universe made of?” is among the most important questions we don't yet have an answer to. For example, Science magazine, for its 125th anniversary, compiled a list of 125 of the most important questions we don't yet have an answer to and placed this question at the top.

When we think about what makes up the universe, we most often think that it consists of atoms. This is not surprising, as everything we see around us is made of atoms. But when we try to explain some of the latest scientific results with the hypothesis that the universe consists only of atoms, we simply fail. Therefore, we must begin to speculate about various other hypotheses, the most relevant of which are those about the existence of new types of matter and energy in the universe, which we have called “dark matter” and “dark energy.” This webinar discussed how hypotheses about the existence of dark matter and dark energy can explain some scientific measurements, focusing primarily on the measurement of cosmic microwave background radiation by the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) and PLANCK satellites. At the end of the webinar, Professor Puljak also touched upon other measurements that support these hypotheses, and presented some possible alternative interpretations of the structure of the universe and the laws of nature.

You can watch the webinar recording at Medusa's Notebook.

E-teacher - modern teaching with the help of technology

The workshop titled E-teacher – Modern Teaching with the Help of Technology was held on February 26th at the School of Health in Split. It was intended for teachers who want to modernize their teaching by using technology and existing free services and tools available on the Internet. Through two full-day workshops, participants, while going through theoretical knowledge about e-learning, simultaneously designed their own e-learning educational program. By acquiring content piece by piece, participants collaboratively improved their program plan in smaller groups.

In addition, they learned to use the Google Drive system, the conceptual map creation tool Bubbl.us, and at the end of the workshop, they independently created a video using the Movie Maker tool.

How to participate in Eratosthenes' experiment and win prizes?

On March 12, 2015, CARNET's ISE team held a webinar on Eratosthenes' experiment, where participants were introduced to how to conduct it and gain the opportunity to win a valuable prize. Eratosthenes' experiment is a global experiment that measures the Earth's circumference along a meridian, when the sun's rays fall on the equator at a right angle, and which requires only a stick and a sun shadow. Thus, students around the world, at the moment when the Sun is in a suitable position, calculate the Earth's circumference using a simple stick.

You can watch the webinar recording at Jellyfish.

Implementation of a lesson using ISE technology

On May 22, 2015, at Stjepan Radić Elementary School in Brestovec Orehovički, an ISE workshop titled „Implementing a Lesson with ISE Technology“ was held. Nearly 20 teachers attended the workshop, where they learned about the application of so-called ISE learning scenarios – a type of digital lesson preparation that uses technology and integrates multimedia content, quizzes, and similar elements. Participants will apply these scenarios in their teaching after the workshop.

They met and with and through the teacher portal as a central place for e-tools and educational content for science subjects, and learned how to use Google Earth and e-simulators and apply them in teaching. Also, attendees joined To the Croatian ISE community on the portal,

Inspirational Days – Workshop ”Application of Inquiry-Based Learning and ISE Learning Scenarios"

The workshop titled ”Application of Inquiry-Based Learning and ISE Learning Scenarios" was held in August and September 2015 in several Croatian cities. The goal of the workshop was to teach teachers how to conduct a lesson using the so-called ISE technology. Teachers had the opportunity to learn how to implement an ISE learning scenario – a kind of digital preparation for a lesson that integrates multimedia content. The scenario is based on inquiry-based learning, a type of learning aimed at encouraging students to think and question, which participants also became acquainted with. The advantage of these scenarios is that they can be fully modified and adapted, allowing teachers to tailor the content to their preferences. Additionally, participants had the opportunity to learn the basic functionalities of several ISE e-tools: Google Earth, Kahoot, the Nikola Tesla National Portal for Distance Learning, PheT simulations, and Stellarium.

Inspirational Days – Webinar

An inspirational webinar titled “Eratosthenes Experiment with ISE Learning Scenarios: Contemporary Teaching of Earth's Circumference Measurement” was held on September 9, 2015, and introduced participants to the process of conducting the Eratosthenes experiment using ISE learning scenarios. The Eratosthenes experiment measures the Earth's circumference along a meridian when sun rays fall on the equator at a right angle, and it only requires a stick and a shadow. Due to great interest, the Eratosthenes experiment was repeated on September 22, 2015. Namely, in March 2015, it was conducted by 507 schools worldwide, including as many as 129 schools from Croatia, and more than 20 of them implemented it using the aforementioned ISE learning scenario. The webinar familiarized participants with the process of using learning scenarios for the Eratosthenes experiment, for both primary and secondary schools, as well as simple e-tools for its implementation.

Virtual visit to CERN

For the first time in Croatia, the audience had a unique opportunity to virtually tour CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, live from a conference. At CERN, scientists and engineers from all over the world probe the fundamental structure of the Universe. Located on the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, CERN uses the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments to investigate the fundamental composition of matter – particles. These instruments include a chain of particle accelerators and detectors, the most famous of which is the Large Hadron Collider. It is worth noting that this was the largest virtual tour in history to date.

They were led on a grand scientific adventure from CERN in Croatian, by a scientist at CERN on one hand, and on the other (at the conference) by Prof. Dr. Sc. Ivica Puljak. Professor Puljak is a member of the CMS and MAGIC collaborations, and his research area is Higgs boson physics and astroparticle physics. After the visit, participants had the opportunity to ask questions and have a brief discussion with top scientists. This virtual visit took place on November 19, 2015, and was organized by CARNET as part of the Inspiring Science Education project, funded by the European Union from the CIP ICT PSP.

You can watch the webinar recording at Medusa's Notebook.

Online consultation on the application of inquiry-based learning

On December 9, 2015, the webinar ‘Online Consultation on the Application of Inquiry-Based Learning’ was held. The webinar's author, Ms. Marija Pavkov, introduced participants to the conceptual framework for applying inquiry-based learning and how to foster curiosity, inquisitiveness, interest, and creativity in students through this approach. She also described the teacher's role in implementing inquiry-based learning and explained the importance of developing active listening skills, asking various forms and types of questions, and allowing students to lead in the creation of new knowledge.

In the second, advisory part of the webinar, participants had the opportunity to ask questions related to conceptualizing a lesson according to inquiry-based learning.

ISE MOOC 2015: Teachers Inspired by ISE Technology and Modern Teaching Methods

The first ISE MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) ran from November 2, 2015, to December 13, 2015.

The goal of this course was to teach participants, over six weeks, how to apply selected contemporary teaching methods and technologies, focusing on research-based, problem-based, and project-based learning, as well as "gamification," to create a more student-centered lesson. Participants had the opportunity to learn how to use e-resources available on the ISE portal, primarily digital learning scenarios. They learned to use a range of e-tools and design a teaching unit according to a selected contemporary method.

The course was intended for teachers and educators who want to implement contemporary teaching with a focus on STEM areas, i.e., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, as well as non-teaching school staff, educational professionals, and those who wish to become more familiar with educational trends and the implementation of contemporary teaching.

The entire content was divided into two parts.

Part One – Fundamentals of Using Educational Trends and Digital Tools in Teaching

The first, introductory unit provided attendees with an overview of the course and an introduction to the course. Here, attendees had the opportunity to familiarize themselves with all the activities and tasks expected of them.

The second unit, the ICT use ISE project, introduced participants to the Inspiring Science Education project and its useful results that they can use in their teaching.

The third unit, Educational Trends for Contemporary Teaching, focused on empowering teachers' pedagogical competencies for the implementation of contemporary teaching, especially that realized with the help of ICT. Thus, pedagogical approaches that involve more active learning and teaching were covered, namely research-based, problem-based, and project-based learning, as well as gamification in education, i.e., the application of game dynamics, mechanisms, or elements to increase student concentration.

After strengthening their pedagogical knowledge, in the fourth unit, participants focused on learning about about fifteen e-tools for use in teaching. With the help of video tutorials, they learned how to use e-tools, some of which are applicable in any subject, while others are thematically focused on specific science subjects.

Part Two – Advanced Application of Educational Trends and Digital Tools in Teaching

In the fifth section, titled "Using Selected E-Resources in Teaching," participants focused on designing their own ICT-integrated lessons and applying the acquired knowledge. They were also introduced to open educational resources and the creation of digital scenarios for inquiry-based learning.

Upon successful completion of the first part, the participant is awarded the digital badge ISE Scholar, and upon successful completion of the second part, the digital badge ISE Guru.

Webinar “Measuring the Earth's Circumference with Eratosthenes” Experiment – Simple and Modern!"

Webinar “Measuring the Earth's Circumference with Eratosthenes” Experiment - Simple and Modern!" intended for physics, geography, and mathematics teachers, as well as all others interested in conducting Eratosthenes' experiment, was held on March 7, 2016.

Webinar participants had the opportunity to learn about the steps for participating in the experiment and simple e-tools for its implementation. This experiment can also be carried out with so-called ISE learning scenarios, which are a kind of preparation for a lesson and are also teaching materials, and were also presented at the webinar. Participants also learned about the competitions that accompany the experiment, which will send the luckiest and most creative participants to professional development at the ISE summer school in Greece.

Webinar “E-tools for multimedia in teaching: How to win the ISE Oscar competition?”

As part of the Inspiring Science Education (ISE) project, the Croatian Academic and Research Network – CARNET organized a webinar titled “E-tools for Multimedia in Teaching: How to Win the ISE Oscar Competition?” intended for all teachers in the Republic of Croatia, all those involved in teaching in formal or informal settings, and everyone interested in applying ISE learning scenarios and participating in the “ISE Oscar for Scenario Direction and Film” competition.

The webinar was held on April 12, 2016, with the aim of familiarizing participants with the basic characteristics and functionalities of selected e-tools for creating animated and video content. Participants had the opportunity to learn about Animoto, Moovly, Movie Maker, Screencast-o-matic, and Powtoon. Additionally, they had the chance to hear about how to design a script for such content and where to gather materials for its creation. Finally, they had the opportunity to learn about the “ISE Oscar for Script, Direction, and Film” competition, which is organized as part of the Inspiring Science Education (ISE) project. The goal of this competition is the realization of teaching through an ISE learning scenario, as well as directing and producing a video or short film to present it.

ISE MOOC 2016: Educational Trends and Digital Tools in Teaching

After the first successfully held ISE MOOC in 2015, the second ISE MOOC 2016 (Massive Open Online Course) was held from May 20, 2016, to July 6, 2016.

Read more about the course content under the heading ISE MOOC 2015: Teachers Inspired by ISE Technology and Modern Teaching Methods.

Co-financing

Inspiring Science Education (ISE) The project was co-financed by the European Union within the framework of the ICT Policy Support Programme, part of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP ICT PSP).

The content of these websites is the author's opinion. The European Union is not responsible for the content and use of it.

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