CroQCI
The Republic of Croatia recognized the importance of the European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (EuroQCI) initiative and signed the Declaration on European Quantum Communication Infrastructure in 2019, committing to activities aimed at building a secure quantum communication infrastructure covering the entire European Union. As the first step on this path, the CroQCI Consortium was formed.
The CroQCI Consortium comprises leading research and scientific institutions, higher education establishments, public institutions, and public enterprises authorized by the Ministry of Science, Education, and Youth to develop the national Quantum Communication Infrastructure (QCI) network and to prepare and implement the national project Croatian Quantum Communication Infrastructure – CroQCI.
The project proposal for Croatian Quantum Communication Infrastructure – CroQCI was prepared and submitted in response to call DIGITAL-2021-QCI-01-DEPLOY-NATIONAL, published under the Digital Europe program, and has been approved for funding.
The project is coordinated by the Croatian Academic and Research Network – CARNET.
In addition to funding from the Digital Europe program, the CroQCI project will also be financed through investments from the National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026.
Project Goal
The project aims to implement experimental quantum communication systems and networks, complemented and integrated with a range of classical secure communication technologies.
This involves building and testing devices and systems that combine the best of quantum, post-quantum classical, and quantum-enhanced solutions.
CroQCI will provide the network architecture and project use-case scenarios that will enable the integration of terrestrial infrastructure with a future space component into a fully functional quantum communication network.
Structure and Project Elements
The project elements, or work packages, are described below:
- Work Package 1 – Building Blocks for Quantum Communication (Lead: IRB)
- Work Package 2 – Network Architecture (Lead: CARNET)
- Work Package 3 – Terrestrial Fiber Infrastructure (Lead: FPZ)
- Work Package 4 – Space Connectivity (Lead: FER)
- Work Package 5 - Key Management and Application Use Cases (Lead: CARNET)
- Work Package 6 – Education (Lead: SRCE)
- Work Package 7 - Dissemination and Communication (Lead: CARNET)
- Work Package 8 – Project Management (Lead: CARNET)
Project Indicators
Project indicators, or implementation indicators, are specified in this project as deliverables achieved during the project duration through specific work packages.
| WP1 | Quantum Communication for Building Blocks | Demonstration of entangled-based QKD in the CroQCI network |
| WP1 | Quantum Communication for Building Blocks | Report on the performance and readiness of experimental systems for atomic clock synchronization and quantum memory for use in the CroQCI network. |
| WP2 | Network Architecture | QCI Architecture Proposal & Network Design |
| WP2 | Network Architecture | Simulation, deployment & validation, Implementation & management |
| WP3 | Terrestrial Optical Infrastructure | Report on Established Terrestrial Optical Communication Infrastructure |
| WP3 | Terrestrial Optical Infrastructure | Report on discovered collocation spaces |
| WP4 | Space Connectivity | OGT Location is defined as the geographical position or coordinates where an Oil and Gas Technology (OGT) asset, facility, or operation is situated. Its main components include: * **Geographical Coordinates:** Latitude and longitude, which precisely pinpoint the location on Earth. * **Site Name/Identifier:** A specific name or code assigned to the location (e.g., "North Sea Platform Alpha," "Permian Basin Well Pad 3"). * **Address/Physical Location:** A street address or detailed description of the physical site, if applicable. * **Elevation/Altitude:** The height of the location above sea level, which can be important for certain operational and environmental factors. * **Bounding Box/Area:** For larger facilities or operational areas, defining the perimeter or area occupied. * **Country/Region/Local Authority:** The administrative divisions the location falls within. * **Associated Infrastructure:** Details about nearby roads, ports, pipelines, or other infrastructure relevant to the OGT operation. * **Environmental Context:** Information about the surrounding environment (e.g., onshore, offshore, desert, arctic) that might impact operations or require specific considerations. |
| WP4 | Space Connectivity | Build OGT prototype |
| Work Package 5 | Key Management and Case Studies Application | Key Management System (KMS) report |
| Work Package 5 | Key Management and Case Studies Application | Use cases report |
| WP6 | Education | CroQCI VLE Report |
| WP6 | Education | CroQCI Education and Training Plan |
| Windows Phone 7 | Dissemination and Communication | CroQCI Communication, Dissemination, and Exploitation Activity Plan |
| Windows Phone 7 | Dissemination and Communication | Number of IPV (Information, Promotion, and Visibility) events and support activities |
| Windows Phone 8 | Project Management | Continuous reporting |
| Windows Phone 8 | Project Management | Periodic report |
| Windows Phone 8 | Project Management | Gap analysis and roadmap for alignment with the security baseline |
| Windows Phone 8 | Project Management | Report on participation in the EuroQCI initiative and on collaboration with other DIGITAL projects |
Implementation and Execution
The project will implement a pilot terrestrial Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network using optical fibers. this will allow the national strategic communication infrastructure to upgrade to a level of secure information exchange using quantum communication technology. It will also be prepared for connection to the quantum communication infrastructure of neighboring EU member states, facilitating full integration into the future EuroQCI network.
As part of the project, coordinated activities supported by the European Space Agency will establish the foundation for long-distance Quantum Communication (QC) via satellite between EU member states and Croatia through an optical ground station.
The knowledge transfer process between the research community and partner institutions will result in new engineers and technicians who will be skilled in manufacturing components, devices, and software for the application of new quantum technologies. This will have a significant impact on promoting the use of high technology and economic growth, not only in Croatia but also in a broader European context. The demonstration of QKD within the project will provide an opportunity for education and training in quantum communication technologies, increasing readiness for the design and implementation of next-generation highly secure communication and data networks.
Project Duration:
January 1, 2023 – June 30, 2026
Funding Sources:
DEP (50%) – €4,999,667.00
NPOO (50%) – €4,999,667.00
Total Amount – $9,999,334.04
All expected outcomes and project results described above, within the broader framework of European collaboration in quantum communication infrastructure (EuroQCI), will contribute to the long-term strategic autonomy and digital sovereignty of the EU.